EFEK DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP CO-WOKER EXCHANGE DAN KETERIKATAN KERJA
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 11, 2023
Keywords:
Dukungan Sosial, Co-Woker Exchange, Keterikatan Kerja.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh
pengaruh dukungan sosial Co-Woker Exchange dan Keterikatan Kerja di
Pemerintahan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian
ini adalah sebanyak 178 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan
kuesioner. Teknis analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan Structural
Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0 sebagai alat
pengolahan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Perceived co-
wokers Support berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap Keterikatan Kerja,
Perceived co-wokers Support berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap Co-
wokers Exchange, Co-wokers Exchange berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan
terhadap Keterikatan Kerja. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa Co-wokers
exchange memediasi hubungan antara Perceived co-wokers support terhadap
Keterikatan Kerja di Instansi Pemerintahan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu.
Kata Kunci: Dukungan Sosial, Co-Woker Exchange, Keterikatan Kerja.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Articles
References
Abdillah, M. R., & Rahmat, A. (2022). Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dan Keterikatan
Kerja: Peran Mediasi Modal Psikologis. JURNAL KOMUNITAS SAINS
MANAJEMEN, 1(3), 257-264.
Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on
employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and
Performance Management, 63(3), 308–323.
Babcock-Roberson, M. E., & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between
charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship
behaviors. The Journal of psychology, 144(3), 313-326.
Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current
directions in psychological science, 20(4), 265-269.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State
of the art. Journal of managerial psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work
engagement. Career development international, 13(3), 209-223.
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential
theory and research. Psychology press.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. J.
(2003). A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four
home care organizations. International Journal of stress
management, 10(1), 16.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work
engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health
psychology. Work & stress, 22(3), 187-200.
Bakker, Arnold B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work
engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology.
Work and Stress, 22(3), 187–200.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F., & Walker, H. J. (2007).
Leader–member sosial exchange (LMSX): Development and validation of
a scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior,
28(8), 979-1003.
Blancero, D., Boroski, J., & Dyer, L. (1996). Key competencies for a transformed
human resource organization: Results of a field study. Human resource
management, 35(3), 383-403.
Blau, P. M. (1964). 1964 Exchange and power in sosial life. New York: Wiley.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Sosial Life. New York: John Wiley &
Sons.
65
Bonaiuto, F., Fantinelli, S., Milani, A., Cortini, M., Vitiello, M. C., & Bonaiuto, M.
(2022). Perceived organizational support and work engagement: the role of
psychososial variables. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Chen, P., Sparrow, P., & Cooper, C. (2016). The relationship between person-
organization fit and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial
Psychology, 31(5), 946-959.
Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Park, B. I. (2015). Inclusive leadership and work
engagement: Mediating roles of affective organizational commitment and
creativity. Sosial Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 43(6),
931-943.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A
quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual
performance. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
Cobb, S. (1976). Sosial support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic
medicine, 38(5), 300-314.
Cole, M. S., Schaninger Jr, W. S., & Harris, S. G. (2002). The workplace sosial
exchange network: A multilevel, conceptual examination. Group &
Organization Management, 27(1), 142-167.
Coyle-Shapiro, J. A., & Shore, L. M. (2007). The employee–organization
relationship: Where do we go from here?. Human resource management
review, 17(2), 166-179.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Sosial exchange theory: An
interdisciplinary review. Journal of management, 31(6), 874-900.
De Lange, A. H., De Witte, H., & Notelaers, G. (2008). Should I stay or should I
go? Examining longitudinal relations among job resources and work
engagement for stayers versus movers. Work & Stress, 22(3), 201-223.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in
human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work
organizations: The state of a science. Annual review of organizational
psychology and organizational behavior, 4, 19-43.
Deckop JR, Cirka CC, & Andersson LM (2003). Melakukan kepada orang lain:
Timbal balik membantu perilaku dalam organisasi. Jurnal Etika Bisnis , 47,
101–113.
Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychososial safety climate as a precursor
to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and
employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 83(3), 579-599.
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work
teams. Administrative science quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived
organizational support. Journal of Applied psychology, 71(3), 500.
66
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades,
L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived
organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied
psychology, 87(3), 565.
Erdogan, B., & Enders, J. (2007). Support from the top: supervisors' perceived
organizational support as a moderator of leader-member exchange to
satisfaction and performance relationships. Journal of applied
psychology, 92(2), 321.
Ford, M. T., Heinen, B. A., & Langkamer, K. L. (2007). Work and family satisfaction
and conflict: a meta-analysis of cross-domain relations. Journal of applied
psychology, 92(1), 57.
Graen GB, & Uhl-Bien M. (1995). Pendekatan berbasis hubungan untuk
kepemimpinan: Pengembangan teori kepemimpinan pertukaran pemimpin-
anggota (LMX) selama 25 tahun: Menerapkan perspektif multi-domain
multi-level. Kepemimpinan Kuartalan , 6, 219–247.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership:
Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over
25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership
quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
Griffin, M. A., Parker, S. K., & Neal, A. (2008). Is behavioral engagement a distinct
and useful construct?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 48-
51.
Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C. (2000). On the assessment of
situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The Situational Motivation
Scale (SIMS). Motivation and emotion, 24, 175-213.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work
engagement among teachers. Journal of school psychology, 43(6), 495-
513.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Burnout and work
engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495-
513.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships
with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. Work engagement:
A handbook of essential theory and research, 8(1), 102-117.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships
with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. Work engagement:
A handbook of essential theory and research, 8(1), 102-117.
Halbesleben, J. R., Wheeler, A. R., & Buckley, M. R. (2014). Understanding the
relationship between sosial support and co-worker reactions to withdrawal
behaviors: An examination of the buffering effects of support adequacy.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(2), 275-300.
67
Hallberg, U. E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). “Same same” but different? Can work
engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational
commitment?. European psychologist, 11(2), 119-127.
Higgins, M. C., & Kram, K. E. (2001). Reconceptualizing Mentoring at Work A
Developmental Network Perspective. Academy of Management Review,
26, 264-288.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing
stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
Hobfoll, S. E., Shirom, A., & Golembiewski, R. (2000). Conservation of resources
theory. Handbook of organizational behavior, 57-80.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress, and sosial support. AddisonWesley. Reading,
MA.
House, J. S. (1983). Work stress and sosial support. Addison-Wesley series on
occupational stress.
Iswanto, F., & Agustina, I. (2016). Peran dukungan sosial di tempat kerja terhadap
keterikatan kerja karyawan. Mediapsi, 2(2), 38-45.
Jung, H. S., Song, M. K., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). The effects of workplace loneliness
on work engagement and organizational commitment: moderating roles of
leader-member exchange and coworker exchange. Sustainability, 13(2),
948.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and
disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kamdar, D., & Van Dyne, L. (2007). The joint effects of personality and workplace
sosial exchange relationships in predicting task performance and
citizenship performance. Journal of applied psychology, 92(5), 1286.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The sosial psychology of organizations (Vol. 2, p.
528). New York: wiley.
Kaufmann, G. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1986). Interactions between job stressors and
sosial support: Some counterintuitive results. Journal of applied
psychology, 71(3), 522.
Kiazad, K., Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2014). Psychological contract breach
and employee innovation: A conservation of resources perspective. Journal
of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(3), 535-556.
Kim, H. J., Shin, K. H., & Swanger, N. (2009). Burnout and engagement: A
comparative analysis using the Big Five personality
dimensions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 96-
104.
Korunka, C., Kubicek, B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hoonakker, P. (2009). Work
engagement and burnout: Testing the robustness of the Job Demands-
Resources model. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(3), 243-255.
68
Köse, A. (2016). The Relationship between Work Engagement Behavior and
Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Climate. Journal of
Education and Practice, 7(27), 42-52.
Kotzé, M., & Nel, P. (2019). Job and personal resources as mediators in the
relationship between iron-ore mineworkers’ job demands and work
engagement. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(0), 1–9.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Van Doornen, L. J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006).
Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a
difference?. Personality and individual differences, 40(3), 521-532.
Langford, C. P. H., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lillis, P. P. (1997). Sosial
support: a conceptual analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 25(1), 95-
100.
Lewin, K. (2013). A dynamic theory of personality-selected papers. Read Books
Ltd.
Liao, F. Y., Yang, L. Q., Wang, M., Drown, D., & Shi, J. (2013). Team–member
exchange and work engagement: Does personality make a
difference?. Journal of business and psychology, 28, 63-77.
Liao, H., Liu, D., & Loi, R. (2010). Looking at both sides of the sosial exchange
coin: A sosial cognitive perspective on the joint effects of relationship quality
and differentiation on creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5),
1090-1109.
Lin, J.-H., Wong, J.-Y., & Ho, C. (2015). The role of work-to-leisure conflict in
promoting frontline employees’ leisure satisfaction Examining the job
demand-control-support model. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management, 27(7), 1539–1555.
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., & Wang, M. (2012). Mono-level and multilevel mediated
moderation and moderated mediation: Theorization and test. Empirical
methods in organization and management research, 553-587.
Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2007). Does a positive gain
spiral of resources, efficacy beliefs and engagement exist?. Computers in
human behavior, 23(1), 825-841.
Loi, R., Hang‐Yue, N., & Foley, S. (2006). Linking employees' justice perceptions
to organizational commitment and intention to leave: The mediating role of
perceived organizational support. Journal of occupational and
Organizational Psychology, 79(1), 101-120.
Love, M. S., & Forret, M. (2008). Exchange relationships at work: An examination
of the relationship between team-member exchange and supervisor reports
of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Leadership &
Organizational Studies, 14(4), 342-352.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee
engagement. Industrial and organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30.
69
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job demands and resources
as antecedents of work engagement: A longitudinal study. Journal of
vocational behavior, 70(1), 149-171.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of
meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human
spirit at work. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (2013). Psychological aspects of workload. In A
handbook of work and organizational psychology (pp. 15-44). Psychology
Press.
Mendoza-Denton, R., Ayduk, O., Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Testa, A. (2001).
Person× Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam… when…):
Implications for affect regulation and sosial information processing. Journal
of Personality and Sosial Psychology, 80(4), 533.
Meyer, J. P., & Smith, C. A. (2000). HRM practices and organizational commitment:
Test of a mediation model. Canadian Journal of Administrative
Sciences/Revue canadienne des sciences de l'administration, 17(4), 319-
331.
Mujiasih, E. (2015). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi (Perceived
Organizational Support) dengan Keterikatan Karyawan (Employee
Engagement). Jurnal Psikologi UNDIP, 14(1), 40–51.
https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.14.1.40-51
Murniasih, E., & Sudarma, K. (2016). Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi
dan Kompetensi pada Kinerja Karyawan dimediasi Komitmen Afektif.
Management Analysis Journal, 5(1), 24–35.
Murray, H. A., & McAdams, D. P. (2007). Explorations in personality.
Neuman, W.L. (2011) Sosial Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches. 7th Edition, Pearson, Boston.
Newman, D. A., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Been there, bottled that: Are state and
behavioral work engagement new and useful construct “wines”?. Industrial
and organizational Psychology, 1(1), 31-35.
O’Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Work and family Transactions. In P. Koopman-Boyden, A.
Dharmalingam, B. Grant, V. Hendy, S. HillcoatNalletamby, D. Mitchell, M.
O’Driscoll, and S. Thompson. Transactions in the Mid-life Family (pp. 92-
112). University of Waikato, Hamilton: Population Association of New
Zealand.
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2013). Sosial support and work engagement: A
study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(8), 1083-
1090.
Restiana, Devi (2021). Pengaruh Dukungan Rekan Kerja dan Dukungan Atasan
pada Keterikatan Kerja Dengan Dimoderasi Oleh Meaningful Work Pada
Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Kebumen.
Under Graduates thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.
70
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review
of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of
intrinsic motivation, sosial development, and well-being. American
psychologist, 55(1), 68.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological
needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee
engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Saks, A. M. (2008). The meaning and bleeding of employee engagement: How
muddy is the water?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 40-
43.
Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and
work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the
mediation of service climate. Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217.
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W., Martínez, I., & Bresó, E. (2010). How obstacles and
facilitators predict academic performance: The mediating role of study
burnout and engagement. Anxiety, stress & coping, 23(1), 53-70.
Sanne, B., Torp, S., Mykletun, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2005). The Swedish Demand—
Control—Support Questionnaire (DCSQ): Factor structure, item analyses,
and internal consistency in a large population. Scandinavian journal of
public health, 33(3), 166-174.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990). Traditional views of sosial
support and their impact on assessment.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their
relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal
of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial,
Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-
315.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2005). Work engagement: An emerging
psychological concept and its implications, Research in Sosial Issues in
Management, 5: Managing sosial and Etical Issues in
Organizations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. Gonzalez-Romá, V., & Bakker, AB (2002). The
measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic
approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work
engagement with a short questionnaire: A crossnational study. Educational
and psychological measurement, 66(4), 701-716.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2006). Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? On
the differences between work engagement and workaholism. Research
companion to working time and work addiction, 193.
71
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout,
and work engagement: three of a kind or three different kinds of employee
well‐being?. Applied psychology, 57(2), 173-203.
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of sosial support within the
stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical
overview. International journal of psychology, 42(4), 243-252.
Schwarzer, R., Knoll, N., & Rieckmann, N. (2004). Sosial support. Health
psychology, 158, 181.
Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-
making research. Organizational behavior and human decision
processes, 43(1), 118-135.
Sherony, K. M., & Green, S. G. (2002). Coworker exchange: relationships between
coworkers, leader-member exchange, and work attitudes. Journal of
applied psychology, 87(3), 542.
Sherony, K.M., & Green, S.G. 2002. Coworker exchange: Relationships between
coworkers, leader-member exchange, and work attitudes. Journal of
Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No3.
Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Sosial and economic
exchange: Construct development and validation. Journal of applied sosial
psychology, 36(4), 837-867.
Solimun, fernandes, A.A., & Nurjannah (2017). Metode statistika multivariant
pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM) pendekatan WarpPLS.
Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Allen, D. G. (2014). Fun and friends: The impact of
workplace fun and constituent attachment on turnover in a hospitality
context. Human Relations, 67(8), 923-946.
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The Sosial Psychology of Groups. New York:
John Wiley & Sons.
Tran DT, Lee LY, Nguyen PT, & Srisittiratkul W. (2020). Bagaimana karakteristik
pemimpin dan pertukaran anggota pemimpin mengarah pada modal sosial
dan prestasi kerja. Jurnal Keuangan, Ekonomi, dan Bisnis Asia , 7(1), 269–
278.
Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Kümmerling, A., Van Dam, K., Van der Schoot, E.,
Estryn-Béhar, M., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2010). The impact of sosial support
upon intention to leave among female nurses in Europe: Secondary
analysis of data from the NEXT survey. International journal of nursing
studies, 47(4), 434-445.
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of sosial support in
the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of vocational
behavior, 54(2), 314-334.
Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004).
Organizational stress through the lens of conservation of resources (COR)
theory. In Exploring interpersonal dynamics (Vol. 4, pp. 167-220). Emerald
Group Publishing Limited.
72
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work
engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and
personal resources. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 82(1), 183-200
Kerja: Peran Mediasi Modal Psikologis. JURNAL KOMUNITAS SAINS
MANAJEMEN, 1(3), 257-264.
Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on
employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and
Performance Management, 63(3), 308–323.
Babcock-Roberson, M. E., & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between
charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship
behaviors. The Journal of psychology, 144(3), 313-326.
Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current
directions in psychological science, 20(4), 265-269.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State
of the art. Journal of managerial psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work
engagement. Career development international, 13(3), 209-223.
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential
theory and research. Psychology press.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. J.
(2003). A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four
home care organizations. International Journal of stress
management, 10(1), 16.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work
engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health
psychology. Work & stress, 22(3), 187-200.
Bakker, Arnold B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work
engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology.
Work and Stress, 22(3), 187–200.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Giles, W. F., & Walker, H. J. (2007).
Leader–member sosial exchange (LMSX): Development and validation of
a scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of
Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior,
28(8), 979-1003.
Blancero, D., Boroski, J., & Dyer, L. (1996). Key competencies for a transformed
human resource organization: Results of a field study. Human resource
management, 35(3), 383-403.
Blau, P. M. (1964). 1964 Exchange and power in sosial life. New York: Wiley.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Sosial Life. New York: John Wiley &
Sons.
65
Bonaiuto, F., Fantinelli, S., Milani, A., Cortini, M., Vitiello, M. C., & Bonaiuto, M.
(2022). Perceived organizational support and work engagement: the role of
psychososial variables. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Chen, P., Sparrow, P., & Cooper, C. (2016). The relationship between person-
organization fit and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial
Psychology, 31(5), 946-959.
Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Park, B. I. (2015). Inclusive leadership and work
engagement: Mediating roles of affective organizational commitment and
creativity. Sosial Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 43(6),
931-943.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A
quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual
performance. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
Cobb, S. (1976). Sosial support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic
medicine, 38(5), 300-314.
Cole, M. S., Schaninger Jr, W. S., & Harris, S. G. (2002). The workplace sosial
exchange network: A multilevel, conceptual examination. Group &
Organization Management, 27(1), 142-167.
Coyle-Shapiro, J. A., & Shore, L. M. (2007). The employee–organization
relationship: Where do we go from here?. Human resource management
review, 17(2), 166-179.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Sosial exchange theory: An
interdisciplinary review. Journal of management, 31(6), 874-900.
De Lange, A. H., De Witte, H., & Notelaers, G. (2008). Should I stay or should I
go? Examining longitudinal relations among job resources and work
engagement for stayers versus movers. Work & Stress, 22(3), 201-223.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in
human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work
organizations: The state of a science. Annual review of organizational
psychology and organizational behavior, 4, 19-43.
Deckop JR, Cirka CC, & Andersson LM (2003). Melakukan kepada orang lain:
Timbal balik membantu perilaku dalam organisasi. Jurnal Etika Bisnis , 47,
101–113.
Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychososial safety climate as a precursor
to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and
employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 83(3), 579-599.
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work
teams. Administrative science quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived
organizational support. Journal of Applied psychology, 71(3), 500.
66
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades,
L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived
organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied
psychology, 87(3), 565.
Erdogan, B., & Enders, J. (2007). Support from the top: supervisors' perceived
organizational support as a moderator of leader-member exchange to
satisfaction and performance relationships. Journal of applied
psychology, 92(2), 321.
Ford, M. T., Heinen, B. A., & Langkamer, K. L. (2007). Work and family satisfaction
and conflict: a meta-analysis of cross-domain relations. Journal of applied
psychology, 92(1), 57.
Graen GB, & Uhl-Bien M. (1995). Pendekatan berbasis hubungan untuk
kepemimpinan: Pengembangan teori kepemimpinan pertukaran pemimpin-
anggota (LMX) selama 25 tahun: Menerapkan perspektif multi-domain
multi-level. Kepemimpinan Kuartalan , 6, 219–247.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership:
Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over
25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership
quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
Griffin, M. A., Parker, S. K., & Neal, A. (2008). Is behavioral engagement a distinct
and useful construct?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 48-
51.
Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C. (2000). On the assessment of
situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The Situational Motivation
Scale (SIMS). Motivation and emotion, 24, 175-213.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work
engagement among teachers. Journal of school psychology, 43(6), 495-
513.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Burnout and work
engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495-
513.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships
with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. Work engagement:
A handbook of essential theory and research, 8(1), 102-117.
Halbesleben, J. R. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships
with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. Work engagement:
A handbook of essential theory and research, 8(1), 102-117.
Halbesleben, J. R., Wheeler, A. R., & Buckley, M. R. (2014). Understanding the
relationship between sosial support and co-worker reactions to withdrawal
behaviors: An examination of the buffering effects of support adequacy.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(2), 275-300.
67
Hallberg, U. E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). “Same same” but different? Can work
engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational
commitment?. European psychologist, 11(2), 119-127.
Higgins, M. C., & Kram, K. E. (2001). Reconceptualizing Mentoring at Work A
Developmental Network Perspective. Academy of Management Review,
26, 264-288.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing
stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
Hobfoll, S. E., Shirom, A., & Golembiewski, R. (2000). Conservation of resources
theory. Handbook of organizational behavior, 57-80.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress, and sosial support. AddisonWesley. Reading,
MA.
House, J. S. (1983). Work stress and sosial support. Addison-Wesley series on
occupational stress.
Iswanto, F., & Agustina, I. (2016). Peran dukungan sosial di tempat kerja terhadap
keterikatan kerja karyawan. Mediapsi, 2(2), 38-45.
Jung, H. S., Song, M. K., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). The effects of workplace loneliness
on work engagement and organizational commitment: moderating roles of
leader-member exchange and coworker exchange. Sustainability, 13(2),
948.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and
disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kamdar, D., & Van Dyne, L. (2007). The joint effects of personality and workplace
sosial exchange relationships in predicting task performance and
citizenship performance. Journal of applied psychology, 92(5), 1286.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The sosial psychology of organizations (Vol. 2, p.
528). New York: wiley.
Kaufmann, G. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1986). Interactions between job stressors and
sosial support: Some counterintuitive results. Journal of applied
psychology, 71(3), 522.
Kiazad, K., Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2014). Psychological contract breach
and employee innovation: A conservation of resources perspective. Journal
of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(3), 535-556.
Kim, H. J., Shin, K. H., & Swanger, N. (2009). Burnout and engagement: A
comparative analysis using the Big Five personality
dimensions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 96-
104.
Korunka, C., Kubicek, B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hoonakker, P. (2009). Work
engagement and burnout: Testing the robustness of the Job Demands-
Resources model. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(3), 243-255.
68
Köse, A. (2016). The Relationship between Work Engagement Behavior and
Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Climate. Journal of
Education and Practice, 7(27), 42-52.
Kotzé, M., & Nel, P. (2019). Job and personal resources as mediators in the
relationship between iron-ore mineworkers’ job demands and work
engagement. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(0), 1–9.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Van Doornen, L. J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006).
Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a
difference?. Personality and individual differences, 40(3), 521-532.
Langford, C. P. H., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lillis, P. P. (1997). Sosial
support: a conceptual analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 25(1), 95-
100.
Lewin, K. (2013). A dynamic theory of personality-selected papers. Read Books
Ltd.
Liao, F. Y., Yang, L. Q., Wang, M., Drown, D., & Shi, J. (2013). Team–member
exchange and work engagement: Does personality make a
difference?. Journal of business and psychology, 28, 63-77.
Liao, H., Liu, D., & Loi, R. (2010). Looking at both sides of the sosial exchange
coin: A sosial cognitive perspective on the joint effects of relationship quality
and differentiation on creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5),
1090-1109.
Lin, J.-H., Wong, J.-Y., & Ho, C. (2015). The role of work-to-leisure conflict in
promoting frontline employees’ leisure satisfaction Examining the job
demand-control-support model. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management, 27(7), 1539–1555.
Liu, D., Zhang, Z., & Wang, M. (2012). Mono-level and multilevel mediated
moderation and moderated mediation: Theorization and test. Empirical
methods in organization and management research, 553-587.
Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2007). Does a positive gain
spiral of resources, efficacy beliefs and engagement exist?. Computers in
human behavior, 23(1), 825-841.
Loi, R., Hang‐Yue, N., & Foley, S. (2006). Linking employees' justice perceptions
to organizational commitment and intention to leave: The mediating role of
perceived organizational support. Journal of occupational and
Organizational Psychology, 79(1), 101-120.
Love, M. S., & Forret, M. (2008). Exchange relationships at work: An examination
of the relationship between team-member exchange and supervisor reports
of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Leadership &
Organizational Studies, 14(4), 342-352.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee
engagement. Industrial and organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30.
69
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job demands and resources
as antecedents of work engagement: A longitudinal study. Journal of
vocational behavior, 70(1), 149-171.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of
meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human
spirit at work. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (2013). Psychological aspects of workload. In A
handbook of work and organizational psychology (pp. 15-44). Psychology
Press.
Mendoza-Denton, R., Ayduk, O., Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Testa, A. (2001).
Person× Situation interactionism in self-encoding (Iam… when…):
Implications for affect regulation and sosial information processing. Journal
of Personality and Sosial Psychology, 80(4), 533.
Meyer, J. P., & Smith, C. A. (2000). HRM practices and organizational commitment:
Test of a mediation model. Canadian Journal of Administrative
Sciences/Revue canadienne des sciences de l'administration, 17(4), 319-
331.
Mujiasih, E. (2015). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi (Perceived
Organizational Support) dengan Keterikatan Karyawan (Employee
Engagement). Jurnal Psikologi UNDIP, 14(1), 40–51.
https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.14.1.40-51
Murniasih, E., & Sudarma, K. (2016). Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi
dan Kompetensi pada Kinerja Karyawan dimediasi Komitmen Afektif.
Management Analysis Journal, 5(1), 24–35.
Murray, H. A., & McAdams, D. P. (2007). Explorations in personality.
Neuman, W.L. (2011) Sosial Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches. 7th Edition, Pearson, Boston.
Newman, D. A., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Been there, bottled that: Are state and
behavioral work engagement new and useful construct “wines”?. Industrial
and organizational Psychology, 1(1), 31-35.
O’Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Work and family Transactions. In P. Koopman-Boyden, A.
Dharmalingam, B. Grant, V. Hendy, S. HillcoatNalletamby, D. Mitchell, M.
O’Driscoll, and S. Thompson. Transactions in the Mid-life Family (pp. 92-
112). University of Waikato, Hamilton: Population Association of New
Zealand.
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2013). Sosial support and work engagement: A
study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of nursing management, 21(8), 1083-
1090.
Restiana, Devi (2021). Pengaruh Dukungan Rekan Kerja dan Dukungan Atasan
pada Keterikatan Kerja Dengan Dimoderasi Oleh Meaningful Work Pada
Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Kebumen.
Under Graduates thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.
70
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review
of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of
intrinsic motivation, sosial development, and well-being. American
psychologist, 55(1), 68.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological
needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee
engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Saks, A. M. (2008). The meaning and bleeding of employee engagement: How
muddy is the water?. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 40-
43.
Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and
work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the
mediation of service climate. Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217.
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W., Martínez, I., & Bresó, E. (2010). How obstacles and
facilitators predict academic performance: The mediating role of study
burnout and engagement. Anxiety, stress & coping, 23(1), 53-70.
Sanne, B., Torp, S., Mykletun, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2005). The Swedish Demand—
Control—Support Questionnaire (DCSQ): Factor structure, item analyses,
and internal consistency in a large population. Scandinavian journal of
public health, 33(3), 166-174.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990). Traditional views of sosial
support and their impact on assessment.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their
relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal
of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial,
Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-
315.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2005). Work engagement: An emerging
psychological concept and its implications, Research in Sosial Issues in
Management, 5: Managing sosial and Etical Issues in
Organizations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. Gonzalez-Romá, V., & Bakker, AB (2002). The
measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic
approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work
engagement with a short questionnaire: A crossnational study. Educational
and psychological measurement, 66(4), 701-716.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2006). Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? On
the differences between work engagement and workaholism. Research
companion to working time and work addiction, 193.
71
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout,
and work engagement: three of a kind or three different kinds of employee
well‐being?. Applied psychology, 57(2), 173-203.
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of sosial support within the
stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical
overview. International journal of psychology, 42(4), 243-252.
Schwarzer, R., Knoll, N., & Rieckmann, N. (2004). Sosial support. Health
psychology, 158, 181.
Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-
making research. Organizational behavior and human decision
processes, 43(1), 118-135.
Sherony, K. M., & Green, S. G. (2002). Coworker exchange: relationships between
coworkers, leader-member exchange, and work attitudes. Journal of
applied psychology, 87(3), 542.
Sherony, K.M., & Green, S.G. 2002. Coworker exchange: Relationships between
coworkers, leader-member exchange, and work attitudes. Journal of
Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No3.
Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E., Lynch, P., & Barksdale, K. (2006). Sosial and economic
exchange: Construct development and validation. Journal of applied sosial
psychology, 36(4), 837-867.
Solimun, fernandes, A.A., & Nurjannah (2017). Metode statistika multivariant
pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM) pendekatan WarpPLS.
Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Allen, D. G. (2014). Fun and friends: The impact of
workplace fun and constituent attachment on turnover in a hospitality
context. Human Relations, 67(8), 923-946.
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The Sosial Psychology of Groups. New York:
John Wiley & Sons.
Tran DT, Lee LY, Nguyen PT, & Srisittiratkul W. (2020). Bagaimana karakteristik
pemimpin dan pertukaran anggota pemimpin mengarah pada modal sosial
dan prestasi kerja. Jurnal Keuangan, Ekonomi, dan Bisnis Asia , 7(1), 269–
278.
Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Kümmerling, A., Van Dam, K., Van der Schoot, E.,
Estryn-Béhar, M., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2010). The impact of sosial support
upon intention to leave among female nurses in Europe: Secondary
analysis of data from the NEXT survey. International journal of nursing
studies, 47(4), 434-445.
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of sosial support in
the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of vocational
behavior, 54(2), 314-334.
Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004).
Organizational stress through the lens of conservation of resources (COR)
theory. In Exploring interpersonal dynamics (Vol. 4, pp. 167-220). Emerald
Group Publishing Limited.
72
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work
engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and
personal resources. Journal of occupational and organizational
psychology, 82(1), 183-200